Ultrasonic technology

Publications

The Detectability of Welding Defects in MIAB Welded Thin-Walled Tubular Components by Immersion Ultrasonic Technique

Abstract: The article demonstrates an effective solution for ultrasonic quality monitoring of transmission and drive components of motor vehicles, joined using an innovative method called magnetically impelled arc butt welding (MIAB). The major challenge was the application of ultrasonic technology for quick and reliable testing of thin-walled components with complex geometry. To solve this problem the idea of using ultrasonic subsurface waves was investigated. By using finite elements method (FEM) the angle of the ultrasonic beam incident on the tested element and the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer were verified. Then, scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT), both nondestructive tests on thin-walled welded tubular components were performed. The research have shown that it is possible to detect defects with diameter of 0.3 mm with the angle of incidence of wave 31.5°. The results of the numerical analysis were compared with the experimental approach and confirmed the usefulness of proposed method. Finally, the potential of using immersion ultrasonic technique for quick and reliable validation of thin-walled tubular components was proven, as the test duration for a one elements was around 3s.

Keywords: Magnetically impelled arc butt welding (MIAB) · Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) · Finite elements method (FEM) · Ultrasonic subsurface waves

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation (Published: 25 May 2020) 39:42 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-020-00684-3

Real-time quality metering of propanated biomethane

Abstract:This paper presents a correlative method for the real-time measurement of quality characteristics of propanated biomethane for pipeline injection according to the European and Swedish regulations. The target quality properties (superior calorific value and Wobbe index) were predicted by the developed regression model based on the measurement of a selected set of physical properties of the gas samples. The measured physical properties are the thermal conductivity, the carbon dioxide concentration, the speed of sound, and the sound attenuation parameter measured as the ultrasonic signal dampening at 1 MHz. The empirical model of the sound attenuation parameter was developed for selected gases in order to predict a sufficient amount of data points for training the regression model. The developed regression model was tested experimentally and demonstrated good agreement with chromatographic analyses.

Keywords: Calorific value; Wobbe index; biomethane; propanated biomethane; ultrasonic measurement; speed of sound; ultrasound attenuation; correlative method; natural gas; time of flight; gas analysis.

International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology (Published: 2019)

Development of ultrasonic finger reader based on ultrasonic holography having sensor area with 80 mm diameter

Abstract:This paper describes finger reader, that generates a fingerprint image using ultrasonic waves travelling parallel to the sensor surface in concert with the principle of acoustic holography. The idea realized in this unit allows for the creation of devices based on thin plates of varying sizes, from smaller than a postage stamp, to the largest live scan applications that can be integrated with typical touch screens. The device is able to recognize the type of material that comes into contact with sensor surface, allowing it detect features consistent with living fingers and, therefore, differentiate between live and fake fingerprints. The sensitive sensor plate, or platen, used in the device can be constructed from a variety of different solid materials, such as glass and metals. The transducers are placed on the rim of the sensor plate The working principle of the device is based on the directions of ultrasound waves and not on pixels, hence the complexity of the device does not depend on the size of the sensitive area. Achievable resolution can be much higher than necessary for finger recognition. The device referenced in this presentation achieves resolution that is comparable to 1000 dpi.

Keywords: Finger recognition, ultrasonic holography, live finger recognition, touch screen, liveness detection

Gesellschaft fur Informatik, GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) P-260; BIOSIG2016 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, 21.–23. September 2016 Darmstadt and IEEE Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 07 November 2016 DOI:10.1109/BIOSIG.2016.7736918

New instrument for measuring the velocity of sound in gases and quantitative characterization of binary gas mixtures

Abstract:A new instrument for precise measurements of velocity of sound in gases was developed and tested. The instrument implements improved velocity of sound measuring technique based on time-of-flight measurement of ultrasonic pulses. The instrument was developed primarily for conducting measurements in natural gas, it can operate in wide ranges of natural gas compositions as well as other gas mixtures with velocity of sound parameter in range of 200 to 500 m/s. The instrument allows conducting measurement of velocity of sound propagation in various gas mixtures with average repeatability of equal to ±1 cm/s at normal conditions. The accuracy of measurement depends on calibration conditions and approach, and has good agreement with theoretically calculated values. The instrument has a modular design of control unit and flow-through measuring chamber. The set of distinctive features and adjustable measuring parameters of the instrument allows further improving of applicability for other gases and gas mixtures and various measurement conditions. The instrument showed good performance in the task of quantitative characterization of binary gas mixtures by velocity of sound parameter.

Keywords: ultrasonic measurement, velocity of sound, speed of sound, natural gas, time of flight, characterization of gas mixture, analysis of gas mixture.

Measurement Automation Monitoring 2016 | Vol. 62, No. 8 | 254--258

An application of critically refracted longitudinal ultrasonic subsurface waves (LCR) to industrial nondestructive testing of thin walled pipe shaped elements of shock absorbers, axle shafts and transmission shafts

Abstract:The paper describes the application of critically refracted longitudinal ultrasonic subsurface waves (LCR, known also as lateral, creeping or head waves) to nondestructive flaw detection in friction welding or MAIB welded thin walled pipe shaped parts. The theory, a practical laboratory and industrial applications are presented.

Keywords: ultrasonic waves, subsurface waves, head waves, LCR, creeping waves, flaw detection in friction butt welds, MIAB welding, ultrasonic testing of thin walled pipes.

Measurement Automation Monitoring 2016 | Vol. 62, No. 7 | 227--233

Ultrasonic Tests in the Analysis of the Quality of Cross-Sectional Welded Elements

Abstract: The article presents currently used ultrasonic tests of elements having tubular cross-sections, joined by means of various welding methods. In addition, the article discusses various ultrasonic signals in industrial (primarily automatic) applications in relation to selected technological solutions as well as presents existing industrial stations for testing pipes, machinery parts/components and mechanical elements as well as parts connected with the acquisition of ultrasonic signals.

Keywords: non-destructive testing, ultrasonic tests, tubular welded elements.

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach | 2016 | tom Vol. 60, No. 5 126--134

The visualization of ultrasonic signals and inspection of defects in Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt welded elements

Abstract: Non-destructive testing and functional tests are an integral part of the manufacturing process of components and constructions used in the automotive industry. The drive and transmission shafts joined by Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welding process, continuously work under constant dynamic loads and must meet particularly high quality criteria. Currently, these tests involve the control of process parameters and destructive tests (including metallographic and functional tests – crushing, twisting, petal test). The article presents an innovative in the automotive industry, including transmission driveshaft manufacturers, non-destructive, ultrasonic quality control methods of MIAB joints. The basic types of presentation of ultrasonic signals are discussed as well as how they are interpreted. Particular emphasis has been placed on the presentation of the capabilities and functionality of the developed application, which enables the visualization and acquisition of ultrasonic signals recorded during automated MIAB weld tests.

Keywords: ultrasonic testing; Magnetic Impelled Arc Butt welding; transmission elements.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa | 2017 | tom R. 89, nr 7 11--15, https://doi.org/10.26628/wtr.v89i7.792

Automated set-up for ultrasonic testing of Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welded joints

Abstract: The article presents the design methodology of automated set-up being used for the quality control evaluation of car drive shafts. The transmission elements were characterized, quantified and then the specific objectives of a solution were de ned. The boundary conditions were also defined. The various prototypes were designed, analyzed and compared in order to choose the best one for the further development. Afterwards, the geometry of the structural members was designed for the selected concept. The idea of the control system was then proposed and developed. The drawing documentation of such set-up was prepared, with respect to the versatility and user friendliness of the system.

Keywords: tubular thin-walled components; Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt welding; quality control; ultrasonic testing.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa | 2017 | tom R. 89, nr 8 63--69.

Biometria w polsce

Abstract: W tym artykule spróbuje przeprowadzić analizę sytuacji biometrii w Polsce. Jak wiadomo ta - mająca ok. 30 lat - dziedzina wiedzy i techniki zajmuje się urządzeniami do automatycznego rozpoznawania ludzi dzięki wykorzystaniu indywidualnych ich cech, takich jak: odciski palców, tęczówka oka, głos, kształt dłoni itd.

Keywords: Biometria, rozpoznawanie odcisków palców.

Ochrona mienia i informacji, 4/2008

Future of biometrics

Abstract: Biometrics as a branch of industry, science and technology exists since about 20 years. Its size is about 1 billion Euros. Problems and questions having to do with automatic people recognition are attracting more and more scientists and technician. And, although many devices already exist and/or are being proposed, it is certain that biometrics is still in the early stages of its history. This paper will be an attempt to forecast the future of biometric technologies and applications. As such, I will try to identify and describe both possible markets and new technologies that can already be predicted from present trends.

Keywords: Biometrics, fingerprint reader.

The Hasting Center HideNewsletter, 2008

The touch of the fingertip Dotyk palca

The idea of description (reconstruction) of fingerprints with mathematical algorithms and the history of the development of this idea at Optel

Available online at https://www.optel.eu/article/english/idea.html, 2003.

Effective use of a pseudo-whisper for speech intelligibility. Efektywne wykorzystanie pseudoszeptu do uzyskania zrozumiałości mowy osób laryngektomowanych

Abstract: While considering the possibility of using a pseudo-whisper that people without a larynx are capable of, the idea arose slightly distant from the classic, known so far. It can be stated that it is a kind of reversal of the speaking process: Under physiological conditions of voice production, the larynx sound is produced by the vocal folds and then shaped in the resonance chambers of the epiphysis, e.g. of the oral cavity, pharynx chambers, lateral sinus chambers, etc. In the proposed idea, the sound is emitted by a transmitter placed a short distance before the mouth outlet and propagates in the opposite direction. In order not to be annoying to the user and the environment, inaudible ultrasounds are used. A short ultrasonic pulse is sent, and a longer-lasting response is received - the sound reflected from the lips, throat tongue and other elements of the voice channel.

Keywords: pseudo-whisper people without a larynx

Polish Academy of Sciences. Cybernetics and biomedical engineering, 2001, Tom 2

Fingerprint Structure Imaging Based on an Ultrasound Camera

Abstract: This paper describes the design of an ultrasound camera which has a resolution of 0.1mm. The camera allows the observation of the near surface structures of solid objects and is suitable for the finger ridge pattern imaging (i.e., pattern which is reflected in a fingerprint). The device can be used for a biometric identification of individuals (for access verification). It can also be employed for all other sorts of structures which have ultrasound detectable changes in the near surface structure, both natural and artificial (e.g., created for information recording). The paper describes the current version of the camera and the physical phenomena behind its operation. Presented are also perspectives of further development of the device.

Keywords: fingerprint reader, biometrics, ultrasound camera

Instrumentation Science & Technology; (1999) https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149908085863

Ultrasonic camera for finger ridge pattern imaging

Abstract: This paper describes the design of an ultrasonic camera with a resolution of 0.1mm. The camera makes it possible to observe the near surface structures of solid objects and is suitable for finger ridge pattern imaging (i.e. a pattern reflected in the fingerprint). The device can be used for biometric identification of individuals (for access verification). It can also be employed for all other sorts of structures with ultrasonically detectable changes in the near surface structure, both natural and artificial ones (e.g. created for information recording). The paper describes the current version of the camera and the physical basis of its operation. Perspectives of further development of the device are also presented.

Keywords: fingerprint reader, biometrics, ultrasound camera

Archives of Acoustics, 23, 1, pp. 139-148, 1998

Odczytywanie struktury linii papilarnych za pomocą kamery ultradźwiekowej. Read out of structure of fingerprint lines by means of an ultrasonic camera

Abstract: This paper describes the design of an ultrasound camera which has the resolution of 0,1 mm. The camera allows the observation of the near surface structures of solid objects and is suitable for the finger ridge pattern imaging (i.e. pattern which is reflected in a fingerprint). The device can used for a biometric identification of indindividuals (for acces verification). It can also be employed for all other sorts of structures which have ultrasonoud detectable changes in the near surface structure, both natural and artificial (e.g.created for information recording). The paper describes the current version of the camera and the physical phenomena behind its operation. Presented are also perspectives of futher development of the device.

Keywords: fingerprint reader, biometrics, ultrasound camera

Czasopismo Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola. Rocznik 1998. Tom R. 44, nr 12. Strony 434-437

Dem Fingerabdruck auf der Spur. Struktur-Untersuchung der Papillarlinien per Ultraschall. Fingerprint structure imaging based on an ultrasound camera

Abstract: Neben dem Ansatz, den Fingerabdruck über Halbleiter- oder optische Verfahren zu identifizieren, gibt es weitere Methoden. Ein Verfahren setzt dabei auf Ultraschall — die Täler und Erhebungen erzeugen charakteristische Veränderungen der Schallwelle, die mittels Elektronik ausgewertet werden können. This paper describes the design of an ultrasound camera which has a resolution of 0.1mm. The camera allows the observation of the near surface structures of solid objects and is suitable for the finger ridge pattern imaging (i.e., pattern which is reflected in a fingerprint). EN.: The device can be used for a biometric identification of individuals (for access verification). It can also be employed for all other sorts of structures which have ultrasound detectable changes in the near surface structure, both natural and artificial (e.g., created for information recording). The paper describes the current version of the camera and the physical phenomena behind its operation. Presented are also perspectives of further development of the device.

Keywords: fingerprint reader, biometrics, ultrasound camera

Elektronik 21/1998

Synthetic aperture acoustic microscope for evaluation of finger tip peripheral skin structure

Ultrasonic sensor for fingerprints recognition

Abstract: The paper presents prototypes of ultrasonic sensors for fingerprint pattern recognition. Their principle of operation is based on the amplitude measurements taken in selected points of acoustic field of ultrasonic wave diffracted from subsurface finger structure. Examples of sensor construction and measured data are presented. Fingerprint structure recognition from pulse echo shows the possible use of the sensor as a synthetic aperture microscope.

Keywords: fingerprint reader, biometrics, ultrasound camera

Optoelectronic and Electronic Sensors; (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.213142

Reconstruction of two-dimensional structures based on FFT. Rekonstrukcja struktur dwuwymiarowych z zastosowaniem algorytmu FFT

Abstract: Computer-controlled experimental setup, with 40 MHz oscilloscope PC board, for fast acoustic echo data collection and 2D pattern reconstruction, is presented. Process of reconstruction is based on the Projection Theorem and 2D Fast Fourier Transform. Experimental conditions are discussed. Some examples of measurements and reconstruction of 2D quasi-periodical patterns are presented. PL.:Podstawowym obszarem zainteresowania autorów są ultradźwiękowe metody identyfikacji struktur dwuwymiarowych, w szczególności linii papilarnych palców. Transformację Fouriera dwuwymiarowego obiektu odbiciowego lub transmisyjnego odnaleźć można w jego dalekim polu dyfrakcyjnym (1,2). W przypadku struktur periodycznych ich transformacja Fouriera jest mniej złożona od samego obiektu, dlatego korzystne jest skanowanie nie samego obiektu lecz jego widma dyfrakcyjnego (mniejsza liczba próbek, krótszy czas).

Keywords: fingerprint reader, biometrics, ultrasound camera

Akustyka Molekularna i Kwantowa, Tom 15 (1995), str 101-107